Industrial boilers are machines or engineering devices whose primary objective is the generation of steam. The heat that is generated, which can come from any energy source, causes it to be transformed into energy for use, either through a liquid phase medium or steam.
Steam carries about 540 Kcal/kg of useful energy whereas hot water and thermal fluid carry much less energy. Steam does not require a pump to transfer the energy. Generally, if the heating temperatures required are <100°C, then hot water can be used and if temperatures >180°C are needed then thermal fluid might be a better choice. For process temperatures between 100°C and 180°C steam is considered a viable option.
