Missing insulation reduces the system’s efficiency. Insulation helps hold heat in the system, and when the heat can dissipate, more fuel is needed to maintain proper temperature and pressure.
Since missing insulation may not be visible, the best way to detect it is with a thermal imager. If you don’t have a thermal imager as a part of your building’s operations, a plumber or other professional likely will carry one. If your energy costs have increased without a rise in the amount you use the boiler, suspect missing insulation and call to have the system inspected with a thermal imager.
Soot on the heating surfaces. Even a thin layer of soot will reduce the boiler efficiency. Not the right fuel for the burner. For instance, diesel oil to a rotary cup burner wouldn't do. Too low feed water temperature.
The causes of coal erosion as distinct from all the other types of erosion are many but from a theoretical point of view are simply high velocity particles impacting and rubbing along the surface of the tubes.
The boiler designer minimises this by providing a volume in the furnace and a direction of travel of the coal such that it is burned before it can touch the tubes. This can be defeated by increasing the velocity reducing the combustibility or increasing the mass flow. All of these parameters occur if you reduce the calorific value of the fuel or overload the boiler. If you had no erosion before changing your fuel that is the cause. If you have never had design fuel you dont know if it would have eroded anyway. If it would the cause will be a different reason such as arodynamic flows and aiming of the burner or size of the tartget fireball centre. This is a serious problem and should be dealt with by an experienced expert.
It could also say, how much heat is required to rais the water temperature from 60 ℃ to 90 ℃.
To calculate heat required follow below steps
Q= mCp dt
Where
m - water flow rate (kg/hr)
Cp- specific heat of water
dt- temperature differences ( 90–60)
You will get heat required in kcal/ hr.
dividing to Q by fuel GCV and system efficiency you will come to know how much fuel (either it is coal or oil) required to raise the temperature of water from 60 ℃ to 90℃.
The coal-fired steam boiler is a forced circulation high-pressure single-tube DC boiler. Its operation process includes three processes: the combustion process of the fuel, the heat transfer process of flue gas to water and the vaporization process after water absorbs heat. In order to better control these different processes, the control system should make
the heat of pulverized coal combustion adapt to the requirements of steam load changes and dryness.
Biomass fuel can be applied to a biomass-fired boiler by treatment and compression molding. Commonly used are straw particles, rice husk particles, wood particles, sawdust particles, peanut rod particles, sugar aldehyde residue particles, palm shell particles and so on.
Fuel freezing point is the temperature at which the fuel loses fluidity. It is an important index that indicates the fuel flows at low temperatures. It often refers to the maximum temperature at which the oil surface remains stationary within 1 minute. The higher the fuel freezing point, the lower the low-temperature fluidity. When the oil temperature is below the freezing point, it cannot be transported in the pipeline.
The fineness of pulverized coal is an important indicator to measure the pulverized coal quality.
In terms of combustion, the particle size of pulverized coal is expected to be as small as possible to facilitate the ignition and combustion, reduce the heat loss of incomplete combustion, the amount of air supply and heat loss of exhaust smoke.
In terms of pulverized coal milling, the particle size of pulverized coal is expected to be as coarse as possible to reduce the power consumption and steel consumption. Therefore, when selecting the fineness of pulverized coal, a compromise of the two aspects is taken as the economic fineness.
It shall be determined through combustion adjustment tests according to the fuel properties and the type of pulverizing equipment.
