In superheated industrial water boilers, the water is pressurized and boiled to 100°C producing steam. These boilers are pyrotubular, with a high volume of water and a large temperature exchange zone. The designs can adapt to temperatures and pressures according to needs.
Biomass steam boilers recover the heat generated during the biomass combustion process to heat the water in the boiler exchanger circuit. The hot water is then diverted to the heating circuit.
Occasionally it is necessary to remove the ashes generated by biomass combustion and clean the burner.
Any boiler where the products of combustion flow on the inside of a tube with the heat transfer media (ex. water, steam, or hot oil) on the outside. The tubes can be orientated vertically, horizontally or at an angle.
1. Hydraulic should be carried out at a defined pressure before the start of a boiler.2. Check if the pump inlets are open at the start of a boiler.3. Install an automatic ash removal system such as rotary valves in a boiler so as to prevent the accumulation of ash in a furnace or other equipment. The accumulation may result in the blockage or excessive heating of boiler parts resulting in its failure.4. Pump priming must be done at the start of the boiler.5. All loose and wrong connections must...
The pressure of the steam is directly related to its temperature. So process temperature will require steam used to be at a specified pressure. For example, a process requires that needs temperatures at 150°C will require steam delivered at 6 Kg/cm2 or higher.
Steam carries about 540 Kcal/kg of useful energy whereas hot water and thermal fluid carry much less energy. Steam does not require a pump to transfer the energy. Generally, if the heating temperatures required are <100°C, then hot water can be used and if temperatures >180°C are needed then thermal fluid might be a better choice. For process temperatures between 100°C and 180°C steam is considered a viable option.
All thermal fluids expand as they are heated. The amount of expansion is based on the operating temperature, system volume and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fluid. An expansion tank must be provided to accommodate the increased system volume at operating temperature.
NOTE: All fluids expand at a different rate.
A thermal fluid system is a closed loop using mineral or synthetic oil as the heat transfer fluid. These systems operate at elevated temperatures while maintaining low system pressures. Fluid is circulated within the heater tubes and flue gases heat the fluid.
